Factores determinantes de la generación, difusión y aprovechamiento del conocimiento externo y la innovación en el contexto de un clúster

Bartolomé Marco-Lajara; Eduardo Sánchez-García; Pedro Seva-Larrosa; Javier Martínez-Falcó

doi:10.14198/GEOGRA2023.14.152

Autores/as

Bartolomé Marco-Lajara Dpto. Organización de Empresas. Universidad de Alicante, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-9118
Eduardo Sánchez-García Dpto. Organización de Empresas. Universidad de Alicante, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-4906
Pedro Seva-Larrosa Dpto. Organización de Empresas. Universidad de Alicante, España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-4454
Javier Martínez-Falcó Dpto. Organización de Empresas. Universidad de Alicante, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-5816

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/GEOGRA2023.14.152

Palabras clave:

Conocimiento, Innovación, Clúster, Capacidad de absorción

Resumen

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es determinar cuáles son los principales factores que influyen en la generación, difusión y aprovechamiento efectivo del conocimiento externo y el desarrollo de innovaciones por parte de las organizaciones en el contexto de un clúster. Para alcanzar este fin, se localizan los treinta trabajos más citados en esta área de estudio en la base de datos Web of Science (WOS). Tras ello, se analizan en profundidad y se clasifican en función de su perspectiva de análisis y objetivo principal para, a continuación, analizar conjuntamente las conclusiones establecidas en cada uno de los bloques de trabajos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten confirmar la existencia de cierto consenso al valorar el conocimiento como un activo esencial para el desempeño innovador y empresarial, así como para el desarrollo socioeconómico de las regiones. Además, se exponen los principales factores que afectan al grado de aprovechamiento del conocimiento procedente del entorno y el desempeño innovador en el contexto de un clúster, identificados a partir de la revisión realizada. En base a estos resultados, se concluye que la efectividad con que las organizaciones explotan el conocimiento externo y desarrollan innovaciones depende de una serie de características, tanto internas a las empresas como pertenecientes al entorno en el cual estas se localizan.

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